(ITA 2019) - QUESTÃO

As questão refere-se ao texto destacado:

About seven years ago, three researchers at the University of Toronto built a system that could analyze thousands of photos and teach itself to recognize everyday objects, like dogs, cars and flowers.

The system was so effective that Google bought the tiny start-up these researchers were only just getting off the ground. And soon, their system sparked a technological revolution. Suddenly, machines could “see” in a way that was not possible in the past.

This made it easier for a smartphone app to search your personal photos and find the images you were looking for. It accelerated the progress of driverless cars and other robotics. And it improved the accuracy of facial recognition services, for social networks like Facebook and for the country’s law enforcement agencies. But soon, researchers noticed that these facial recognition services were less accurate when used with women and people of color. Activists raised concerns over how companies were collecting the huge amounts of data needed to train these kinds of systems. Others worried these systems would eventually lead to mass surveillance or autonomous weapons.

Fonte: Matz, Cade. Seeking Ground Rules for A. 1. www.nytimes.com, 01 03 2019. Adaptado. Acessado em Agosto/2019.)

Analise as afirmações de I a IV em destaque.
I. Ativistas manifestaram preocupação em relação à forma como as empresas estavam coletando enormes quantidades de dados para treinar sistemas de reconhecimento.
II. A Universidade de Toronto construiu um sistema ético de Inteligência Artificial para reconhe cimento de imagens.
III. Uma das preocupações de ativistas era a possibilidade de tais sistemas conduzirem a vigilância em massa ou armamento autônomo.
IV. Empresas privadas de tecnologia, como Google, e redes digitais, como Facebook, junto com algumas agências governamentais, chegaram a um consenso quanto a uma ética da Inteligência Artificial.
V. Algumas leis foram desenvolvidas por alguns grupos específicos de pessoas para decidir sobre o futuro da Inteligência Artificial.

De acordo com o texto, estão corretas apenas:
a) I e II.
b) II, III e V.
c) I e III.
d) II, IV e V.
e) I, III e IV.

(ITA - 2019) QUESTÃO

As questão refere-se ao texto destacado:

About seven years ago, three researchers at the University of Toronto built a system that could analyze thousands of photos and teach itself to recognize everyday objects, like dogs, cars and flowers.

The system was so effective that Google bought the tiny start-up these researchers were only just getting off the ground. And soon, their system sparked a technological revolution. Suddenly, machines could “see” in a way that was not possible in the past.

This made it easier for a smartphone app to search your personal photos and find the images you were looking for. It accelerated the progress of driverless cars and other robotics. And it improved the accuracy of facial recognition services, for social networks like Facebook and for the country’s law enforcement agencies. But soon, researchers noticed that these facial recognition services were less accurate when used with women and people of color. Activists raised concerns over how companies were collecting the huge amounts of data needed to train these kinds of systems. Others worried these systems would eventually lead to mass surveillance or autonomous weapons.

Fonte: Matz, Cade. Seeking Ground Rules for A. 1. www.nytimes.com, 01 03 2019. Adaptado. Acessado em Agosto/2019.)

De acordo com as informações do texto, selecione a alternativa que melhor complete a afirmação: The new system proved to be less precise when 

a) applied to driverless cars. 

b) adjusted to users’ face recognition in social networks. 

c) identifying inanimate objects like cars and plants. 

d) used to identify Africans and African descendants. 

e) tested by American law enforcement agencies.

(ITA - 2019) QUESTÃO

No trecho: “it’s not just” democracy that is at risk, but also the economy”, a expressão sublinhada expressa uma ideia de 

a) oposição. 

b) concessão. 

c) concordância. 

d) adição. 

e) contraste.

(ITA - 2019) QUESTÃO

As questão refere-se ao texto destacado a seguir.

       If there is any doubt about the persistent power of literature in the face of digital culture, it should be banished by the recent climb of George Orwell’s 1984 up the Amazon “Movers and Shakers” list. There is much that’s resonant for us in Orwell’s dystopia in the face of Edward Snowden’s revelations about the NSA [...]. We look to 1984 as a clear cautionary tale, even a prophecy, of systematic abuse of power taken to the end of the line. [...]

      However, after “THE END” of his dystopian novel 1984, George Orwell includes another chapter, an appendix, called “The Principles of Newspeak.” Since it has the trappings of a tedious scholarly treatise, readers often skip the appendix. But it changes our whole understanding of the novel. Written from some unspecified point in the future, it suggests that Big Brother was eventually defeated. The victory is attributed not to individual rebels or to The Brotherhood, an anonymous resistance group, but rather to language itself. The appendix details Oceania’s attempt to replace Oldspeak, or English, with Newspeak, a linguistic shorthand that reduces the world of ideas to a set of simple, stark words. “The whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought.” It will render dissent “literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it.”

Fonte: Frost, Laura. http://qz.com/95696. Adaptado. Acesso em agosto de 2019.

De acordo com o texto, é incorreto afirmar que

a) na obra 1984, Orwell retrata um mundo distópico que ainda possui relevância nos tempos atuais. 

b) a obra 1984 é considerada como um alerta para o uso abusivo do poder levado às últimas consequências. 

c) no apêndice, há o relato da tentativa de substituição da Oldspeak por uma língua mais abreviada (simplificada). 

d) o vocabulário da Newspeak é tão complexo que se torna difícil usá-lo para expressar discordância. 

e) Newspeak é uma língua que impossibilita externalizar um pensamento mais complexo.

(ITA - 2019) QUESTÃO

As questão refere-se ao texto destacado a seguir.

       If there is any doubt about the persistent power of literature in the face of digital culture, it should be banished by the recent climb of George Orwell’s 1984 up the Amazon “Movers and Shakers” list. There is much that’s resonant for us in Orwell’s dystopia in the face of Edward Snowden’s revelations about the NSA [...]. We look to 1984 as a clear cautionary tale, even a prophecy, of systematic abuse of power taken to the end of the line. [...]

      However, after “THE END” of his dystopian novel 1984, George Orwell includes another chapter, an appendix, called “The Principles of Newspeak.” Since it has the trappings of a tedious scholarly treatise, readers often skip the appendix. But it changes our whole understanding of the novel. Written from some unspecified point in the future, it suggests that Big Brother was eventually defeated. The victory is attributed not to individual rebels or to The Brotherhood, an anonymous resistance group, but rather to language itself. The appendix details Oceania’s attempt to replace Oldspeak, or English, with Newspeak, a linguistic shorthand that reduces the world of ideas to a set of simple, stark words. “The whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought.” It will render dissent “literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it.”

Fonte: Frost, Laura. http://qz.com/95696. Adaptado. Acesso em agosto de 2019.

No trecho “but rather, to language itself”, o termo rather pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por 

a) to some extent. 

b) on behalf of. 

c) instead of. 

d) in support of. 

e) more exactly.

(ITA 2019) - QUESTÃO

As questão refere-se ao texto destacado a seguir.

       If there is any doubt about the persistent power of literature in the face of digital culture, it should be banished by the recent climb of George Orwell’s 1984 up the Amazon “Movers and Shakers” list. There is much that’s resonant for us in Orwell’s dystopia in the face of Edward Snowden’s revelations about the NSA [...]. We look to 1984 as a clear cautionary tale, even a prophecy, of systematic abuse of power taken to the end of the line. [...]

      However, after “THE END” of his dystopian novel 1984, George Orwell includes another chapter, an appendix, called “The Principles of Newspeak.” Since it has the trappings of a tedious scholarly treatise, readers often skip the appendix. But it changes our whole understanding of the novel. Written from some unspecified point in the future, it suggests that Big Brother was eventually defeated. The victory is attributed not to individual rebels or to The Brotherhood, an anonymous resistance group, but rather to language itself. The appendix details Oceania’s attempt to replace Oldspeak, or English, with Newspeak, a linguistic shorthand that reduces the world of ideas to a set of simple, stark words. “The whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought.” It will render dissent “literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it.”

Fonte: Frost, Laura. http://qz.com/95696. Adaptado. Acesso em agosto de 2019.

De acordo com o texto, em geral, os leitores do clássico 1984, de George Orwell, dispensam a leitura do apêndice da obra porque 

a) não foi escrito pelo próprio autor. 

b) acreditam se tratar de mais um longo texto acadêmico. 

c) sua leitura não altera a compreensão da obra. 

d) foi escrito após a publicação do romance. 

e) sua autoria é desconhecida.

As questões 01 e 02 referem-se ao seguinte texto:

Ethical abuses in the authorship of scientific papers

Problems regarding the order of authorship of scientific papers have become more frequent and more abusive. These problems may have heightened due to the ever increasing pressure to “publish or perish” in the academic world, given that the publication of scientific articles has become the benchmark of success in a field with few job opportunities. This article reviews the abuses in the authorship of scientific papers. Different examples are given of the most common problems and recommendations are provided for authors and journal editors

 Rev. Bras. Entomol. Vol. 51 no. 1 São Paulo, Jan./Mar. 2007 

01. (ITA)  O objetivo do artigo ao qual se refere o texto é

A) divulgar as dificuldades no mercado de trabalho acadêmico.

B) publicar diferentes textos científicos.

C) estimular a publicação de artigos científicos.

D) divulgar as recomendações de editores para a elaboração de artigos científicos.

E) analisar abusos relacionados à autoria de artigos científicos. 

RESPOSTA: E

02. (ITA) Considere as seguintes afirmações:

I. O artigo ao qual o texto se refere divulga uma lista de publicações científicas com problemas relacionados ao plágio.

II. As oportunidades de trabalho no mundo acadêmico são mais restritas para os pesquisadores que não publicam artigos científicos.

III. Para que o pesquisador seja reconhecido diante da comunidade acadêmica, a publicação de artigos científicos é importante.

Está(ão) correta(s)

A) apenas a I. 

B) apenas II e III. 

C) apenas I e II.

D) apenas I e III. 

E) todas.

RESPOSTA: B

As questões 01 e 02 referem-se ao seguinte texto:

Artist Detained In Growing Crackdown

BEIJING

Ai Weiwei, China’s most prominent dissident after imprisoned Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo, was detained April 3 at the Beijing airport as he tried to board a flight to Hong Kong. Perhaps best known for codesigning the 2008 Beijing Olympic stadium known as the Bird’s Nest, Ai is an outspoken critic of the government an has been detained several times. During one period in custody, he was allegedly beaten so badly that he required brain surgery. This arrest comes amid a widespread crackdown touched off by online calls for a Tunisian-style ―jasmine revolution.‖ Over the past several weeks, at least 26 activists have been detained, 200 have been put under house arrest, and more than 30 have disappeared.

Time, April 18, 2011.

01. (ITA)  Segundo o texto, Ai Weiwei
A) alegou ter sido severamente torturado.
B) foi preso devido a um recrudescimento da repressão na China.
C) embarcou num voo para Hong Kong.
D) foi preso por incitar uma revolução nos moldes da tunisiana.
E) foi quem projetou o estádio olímpico de Pequim.

RESPOSTA: B

02. (ITA) Segundo o texto,
A) Liu Xiaobo foi preso em 3 de abril no aeroporto de Pequim.
B) houve, na China, incitação à revolução via Internet.
C) Ai Weiwei é o mais proeminente dissidente chinês.
D) a prisão domiciliar é prática frequente em território chinês.
E) Ai Weiwei faz críticas veladas ao regime vigente.

RESPOSTA: B

As questões de 01 a 03 referem-se ao texto a seguir:

A HISTORY OF PI 

The history of Pi, says the author, though a small part of the history of mathematics, is nevertheless a mirror of the history of man. Petr Beckmann holds up this mirror, giving the background of the times when Pi made progress —

and also when it did not, because science was being stifled by militarism or religious fanaticism. The mathematical level of this book is flexible, and there is plenty for readers of all ages and interests.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Petr Beckmann was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1924. Until 1963, he worked as a research scientist for the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, when he was invited as a Visiting Professor to the University of Colorado, where he decided to stay permanently as professor of electrical engineering.

Dr. Beckmann has authored 11 books and more than 50 scientific papers, mostly on probability theory and electromagnetic wave propagation. History is one of his side interests; another is linguistics (he is fluent in five languages and he has worked out a new generative grammar which enables a computer to construct trillions of grammatical sentences from a dictionary of less than 100 unprocessed words).

He also publishes a monthly pro-science, pro-technology, pro-free enterprise newsletter Access to Energy, in which he promotes the viewpoint that clean energy can be made plentiful, but that access to it is blocked by government interference and environmental paranoia.

BECKMANN, Petr. A History of Pi. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1983.

01. (ITA)  O texto foi extraído de um(a)

A) aba / orelha de livro. 

B) prefácio de livro.

C) roteiro de leitura. 

D) resenha literária.

E) ensaio literário. 

RESPOSTA: A

02. (ITA)  O livro A History of Pi

A) descreve grande parte da história da matemática e da humanidade.

B) é direcionado apenas para iniciantes em matemática.

C) conta a história de Petr Beckmann em tempos de repressão ao conhecimento.

D) associa conceitos matemáticos a fatos da vida cotidiana.

E) é acessível a um público diversificado. 

RESPOSTA: E

03. (ITA) No contexto deste texto, o item lexical “stifled” pode ser traduzido por

A) sufocada. 

B) desmascarada.

C) organizada. 

D) promulgada.

E) institucionalizada. 

RESPOSTA: A

04. (ITA) Dentre os interesses de Petr Beckmann, NÃO se encontra(m)

A) a divulgação científica. 

B) a Geografia.

C) a História. 

D) a pesquisa científica.

E) as línguas estrangeiras.

RESPOSTA: B

As questões de 01 a 03 referem-se ao texto a seguir:

STICKERNOMICS

Football albums

Got, got, got, got, got, need 

THE World Cup is still two weeks away, but for children worldwide (plus disturbing numbers of adults) the race to complete the Brazil 2014 sticker book started long ago. Panini, an Italian firm, has produced sticker albums for World Cups since Mexico 1970; this year’s version has 640 stickers to collect. Collecting them is no idle pursuit, however. Getting every slot filled delivers an early lesson in probability, the value of statistical tests and the importance of liquidity.

When you start an album, your first sticker (in Britain, they come in packs of five) has a 640/640 probability of being needed. As the spaces get filled, the odds of opening a pack and finding a sticker you want fall. According to Sylvain Sardy and Yvan Velenik, two mathematicians at the University of Geneva, the number of sticker packs that you would have to buy on average to fill the album by mechanically buying pack after pack would be 899. That assumes there is no supply shock to the market (the theft of hundreds of thousands of stickers in Brazil in April left many fearful that Panini would run short of cards).

It also assumes that the market is not being rigged. Panini says that each sticker is printed in the same volumes and randomly distributed. In a 2010 paper Messrs Sardy and Velenik gamely played the role of “regulator” by checking the distribution of stickers for a 660-sticker album sold in Switzerland for that year’s World Cup. Out of their sample of 6,000 stickers, they expected to see each sticker 9.09 times on average (6,000/660), which was broadly borne out in practice.

Even in a fair market, it is inefficient to buy endless packs as an individual (not to mention bloody expensive for the parents). The answer is to create a market for collectors to swap their unwanted stickers.

The playground is one version of this market, where a child who has a card prized by many suddenly understands the power of limited supply. Sticker fairs are another. As with any market, liquidity counts. The more people who can be attracted into the market with their duplicate cards, the better the chances of finding the sticker you want.

Messrs Sardy and Velenik reckon that a group of ten astute sticker-swappers would need a mere 1,435 packs between them to complete all ten albums, if they take advantage of Panini’s practice of selling the final 50 missing stickers to order. Internet forums, where potentially unlimited numbers of people can swap stickers, make this number fall even further. The idea of a totally efficient market should dismay Panini, which will sell fewer packs as a result. But as in all markets, behaviour is not strictly rational. Despite entreaties, your correspondent’s son is prepared to tear out most of his stickers to get hold of Lionel Messi.

Fonte: http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21603019-got-got-got-got-got-need-stickernomics

01. (ITA) O autor do texto

I. atribui ao roubo de milhares de figurinhas no Brasil a dificuldade para compra e troca entre colecionadores.

II. deprecia as estratégias do Grupo Panini para comercializar álbuns de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo.

III. descreve o mercado de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo e apresenta aos colecionadores possibilidades de obtenção de figurinhas.

Está(ão) correta(s)

A) apenas a I. 

B) apenas a II. 

C) apenas a III.

D) apenas I e II. 

E) apenas I e III. 

RESPOSTA: C

02. (ITA) De acordo com o texto,

A) a empresa Panini comercializa álbuns de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo há 30 anos.

B) é impossível completar o álbum sem que os colecionadores recorram a feiras e redes sociais.

C) são necessárias 1.500 figurinhas para completar um álbum.

D) a empresa Panini disponibiliza a venda das 50 figurinhas faltantes aos colecionadores.

E) o processo de confecção e distribuição das figurinhas é feito aleatoriamente pela Panini. 

RESPOSTA: D

03. (ITA) De acordo com o texto, Sardy e Velenik

A) insistem a formação de grupos de 10 colecionadores para facilitar o preenchimento total de álbuns de figurinhas.

B) fiscalizam a compatibilidade entre a produção de figurinhas e sua comercialização desde 2010.

C) verificaram na Suíça a repetição de aproximadamente 9 vezes cada figurinha em um lote de 6.000 figurinhas.

D) são matemáticos pesquisadores da empresa Panini, responsáveis pela distribuição das figurinhas.

E) consideram que as práticas de obtenção de figurinhas da Copa do Mundo são injustas e manipuláveis.

RESPOSTA: C

As questões 01 e 02 referem-se ao texto a seguir:

THE MAN IN THE CONVERTIBLE

One morning, well after I was diagnosed with cancer, I got an email from Robbee Kosak, Carnegie Mellon’s vice president for advancement. She told me a story.

She said she had been driving home from work the night before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible. It was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening, and the man had his top down and all his windows lowered. His arm was hanging over the driver’s side door, and his fingers were tapping along to the music on his radio. His head was bobbing along, too, as the wind blew through his hair.

Robbee changed lanes and pulled a little closer. From the side, she could see that the man had a slight smile on his face, the kind of absentminded smile a person might have when he’s all alone, happy in his own thoughts. Robbee found herself thinking: “Wow, this is the epitome of a person appreciating this day and this moment.”

The convertible eventually turned the corner, and that’s when Robbee got a look at the man’s full face. “Oh my God,” she said to herself. “It’s Randy Pausch!”

She was so struck by the sight of me. She knew that my cancer diagnosis was grim. And yet, as she wrote in her email, she was moved by how contented I seemed. In this private moment, I was obviously in high spirits. Robbee wrote in her email: “You can never know how much that glimpse of you made my day, reminding me of what life is all about.”

I read Robbee’s email several times. I came to look at it as a feedback loop of sorts.

It has not always been easy to stay positive through my cancer treatment. When you have a dire medical issue, it’s tough to know how you’re really faring emotionally. I had wondered whether a part of me was acting when I was with other people. Maybe at times I forced myself to appear strong and upbeat. Many cancer patients feel obliged to put up a brave front. Was I doing that, too?

But Robbee had come upon me in an unguarded moment. I’d like to think she saw me as I am. She certainly saw me as I was that evening.

Her mail was just a paragraph, but it meant a great deal to me. She had given me a window into myself. I was still fully engaged. I still knew life was good. I was doing OK.

Fonte: PAUSCH, R. The last lecture. New York, Hyperion, 2008. p.64-65.

36. (ITA) O autor do texto 

A) utiliza a dissertação e a descrição como tipologia textual predominante.

B) é narrador observador e mescla discursos direto, indireto e indireto livre.

C) usa foco narrativo em primeira pessoa configurando o texto autobiográfico.

D) utiliza linguagem coloquial nos diálogos para externar seus sentimentos.

E) recorre a figuras de pensamento para compor o gênero dramático. 

RESPOSTA: C

37. (ITA)  De acordo com as informações no texto, Robbee Kosak

A) descreveu detalhadamente o cenário do seu primeiro encontro com Randy Pausch.

B) sentiu-se atraída pelo veículo de Randy Pausch devido à alta velocidade dele.

C) escreveu palavras motivadoras a Randy Pausch porque desejava reanimá-lo.

D) caracterizou o motorista do veículo como uma pessoa satisfeita e de bem com a vida.

E) ocupava o cargo de Vice-Presidente na empresa presidida por Randy Pausch. 

RESPOSTA: D

QUESTÕES DE 1 a 3

As questões de 1 a 3 referem-se à tirinha a seguir: 

(Para ampliar clique na imagem)

QUESTÃO

(ITA)  Marque a opção que pode substituir “due to” sem alterar o sentido do período.

A) by means of 

B) in case of 

C) in spite of

D) instead of 

E) because of 

QUESTÃO

(ITA)  A relação semântica entre os dois quadros é de

A) corroboration. 

B) contradiction. 

C) substantiation.

D) establishment. 

E) reinforcement. 

QUESTÃO

(ITA)  A reportagem anunciada na tirinha

A) mostra a relação direta entre obesidade e consumo de produtos calóricos.

B) divulga um estudo científico com o objetivo de mudar o comportamento da audiência.

C) demonstra indiferença com relação ao tema.

D) estimula o uso de redes sociais para divulgar produtos dos patrocinadores.

E) revela que 70% das pessoas com sobrepeso são sedentárias.